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101.
针对尾矿库溃坝风险评价中存在群决策的主观随意性和语言模糊不确定性等问题,建立了基于可拓层次分析法(Extension Analytic Hierarchy Process, EAHP)的尾矿库溃坝风险多级模糊综合评价模
型。采用可拓区间判断矩阵全面客观地描述了各位专家对该尾矿库溃坝风险评价指标权重的模糊意见和偏好,利用各位专家与专家组意见的偏差比重确定各位专家的重要性系数,并引入一致性系数[α]和[θ]处理可
拓综合区间判断矩阵R,进而确定指标权重系数[ωj],凸显了各位专家在尾矿库溃坝风险群决策中的不同作用,简化了可拓区间判断矩阵一致性检验过程,提高了指标权重的准确性。将建立的尾矿库溃坝风险多级模
糊综合评价模型应用于杨家湾尾矿库溃坝风险评价中。评价结果表明:该尾矿库的溃坝风险等级为安全,且坝体失稳和洪水漫顶对该尾矿库的安全影响较大,与杨家湾尾矿库日常管理的实际情况相符。该方法有效解
决了尾矿库溃坝风险分析中的权重群决策问题,既避免了专家意见的遗失,又降低了专家主观判断的随意性对评价结果带来的不利影响,提高了尾矿库溃坝风险分析的有效性。 相似文献
102.
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104.
A high-strength low-alloy steel, AISI 9254 (54SiCr6), is widely used for suspension spring production in the automotive industry. In this work, industrially manufactured zinc phosphate coated helical springs are subjected to detailed microstructural and surface analysis for better understanding of corrosion evolution. The material’s free corrosion potential and anodic/cathodic behaviour were investigated in NaCl solutions and corrosion propagation mechanisms were studied using potentiostatic polarisation on cross-sectional and external surfaces. The bulk material is fully martensite with uniformly distributed MnS inclusions, while the spring surface has a 2–3?μm mechanically deformed region introduced by shot-peening and a thin zinc phosphate coating. The corrosion open circuit potential of bulk material and shot-peened spring surface was about –0.7VSCE without significant difference, while phosphated surface is more noble (more positive potential). MnS inclusions, stimulating the anodic attack in the steel, influence corrosion propagation and pit morphology to a large extent that can have an impact on the spring performance. 相似文献
105.
Ying Zeng Bin Jiang Ouling Shi Gaofen Quan Salih Al-Ezzi FuSheng Pan 《Metals and Materials International》2018,24(4):830-839
Some alloying elements (Al, Er, Gd, Li, Mn, Sn, Y, Zn) were proved recently by calculations or experiments to improve the formability of Mg alloys, but ignoring their site preference in Mg crystals during the calculated process. A crystallographic model was built via first principle calculations to predict the site preferences of these elements. Regularities between doping elements and site preferences were summarized. Meanwhile, in the basis of the crystallographic model, a series of formulas were deduced combining the diffraction law. It predicted that a crystal plane with abnormal XRD peak intensity of the Mg-based solid solutions, compared to that of the pure Mg, prefers to possess solute atoms. Thus, three single-phase solid solution alloys were then prepared through an original In-situ Solution Treatment, and their XRD patterns were compared. Finally, the experiment further described the site preferences of these solute atoms in Mg crystal, verifying the calculation results. 相似文献
106.
Xiaojun Wang Jianjun Xie Zhengjuan Wang Guohong Zhou Ying Shi Shiwei Wang Xiaojian Mao 《Ceramics International》2018,44(8):9514-9518
Transparent Y2Ti2O7 ceramics with excess Y content were fabricated by solid state reactive sintering in vacuum using Y2O3 and TiO2 powders as the starting materials. Phase composition, microstructure, density and in-line transmittance of the Y2Ti2O7 ceramics were investigated. The detailed results indicated that as Y content increased, the density and in-line transmittance increased at first and then decreased. And the highest in-line transmittance of Y2Ti2O7 ceramics is 49.9% at 1100?nm when the excess amount of Y to Ti is 2%. The effect of Y content on densification process of Y2Ti2O7 ceramics was discussed based on an assumption that oxygen vacancy defects were the dominated defects. 相似文献
107.
Boron nitride/silicon nitride (BN/Si3N4) composite ceramics were fabricated via the in-situ nitridation of boron (B) and silicon (Si) powders in forming gas (95%N2/5%H2) at 1390?°C. The effect of the B content on the phase composition, microstructure, density/porosity, machinability as well as mechanical properties of nitridized BN/Si3N4 composite ceramics was investigated. The addition of B slightly increased the nitridation degree of the Si and B powders mixture, and improved the ratio of the β-Si3N4 phase significantly at low B contents. B powders may have acted as a nucleating agent to promote the formation of β-Si3N4 crystals. A core-shell Si3N4/BN structure was revealed by the TEM technique, and the number of BN layers increased with the increase of the B content. The in-situ BN formed by the nitridation of B played a similar role with the BN directly added in enhancing the machinability of the BN/Si3N4 composite ceramics. The method of the in-situ nitridation of B is also effective to prepare SiC fiber-reforced BN/Si3N4 ceramic matrix composites. 相似文献
108.
Fu Li Qiao Liang Zheng Jingwu Ying Yao Li Wangchang Che Shenglei Yu Jing 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2018,38(4):1170-1178
Aluminum nitride powders were synthesized by carbothermal reduction-nitridation method using Al(OH)3, carbon black and Y2O3 as raw materials. The change of phase, microstructure and densification during the AlN synthesis and sintering process were investigated and the effects of Y2O3 was discussed. The results showed that Y2O3 reacted with Al2O3 to form yttrium aluminates of YAlO3 (orthorhombic and hexagonal phases), Y4Al2O9 and Y3Al5O12 at the low temperature of 1350 °C. YAlO3 could firstly be transformed into Y2O3 and then completely into YN when the firing temperature and holding time increased. However, YN could be oxidized into Y2O3 again after the carbon removal at 700 °C in the air atmosphere. There were two ways generating AlN when adding Y2O3 and the possible mechanism was proposed. Y2O3 from YN oxidation favored the densification of AlN ceramics because the liquid had better flowability and distribution in the sintering process at 1800 °C. 相似文献
109.
In this study, we present an effective strategy to enhance the energy storage properties of Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3 (BST) lead-free ceramics by the addition of Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2 (BBS) glass, which were prepared by the conventional solid state sintering method. The phase structure, microstructure and energy storage properties were investigated in detail. It can be found that the Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3-x wt%(Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2) (BST- x wt%BBS, 0 ≤ x ≤ 12) ceramics possess large maximum polarization (Pmax), low remanent polarization (Pr) and slim polarization electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops. The breakdown strength (BDS), recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) and energy storage efficiency (η) are enhanced obviously with the addition of BBS glass. The BST-9 wt%BBS ceramic is found to exhibit excellent energy storage properties with a Wrec of 1.98 J/cm3 and a η of 90.57% at 279 kV/cm. These results indicate that the BST-x wt%BBS ceramics might be good candidates for high energy storage applications. 相似文献
110.
Chunchun Li Huaicheng Xiang Minyu Xu Ying Tang Liang Fang 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2018,38(4):1524-1528
Two low-permittivity dielectric materials Li2AGeO4 (A?=?Zn, Mg) were prepared via the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis and Rietveld refinement indicated that both ceramics crystallize in an orthorhombic olivine structure with a space group Pmn21. Dense ceramics with high relative density and homogeneous microstructure were obtained. Li2ZnGeO4 densified at 1200?°C possessed a relative permittivity εr?=?6.5, a quality factor Q?×?f?=?35,400?GHz, and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency. Li2MgGeO4 exhibited εr?=?6.1, Q?×?f?=?28,500?GHz, and τf?=?–74.7?ppm/°C when sintered at 1220?°C. Additionally, the large negative τf values of Li2AGeO4 (A?=?Zn, Mg) ceramics were successfully adjusted compensated by forming composite ceramics with CaTiO3 and near-zero τf values of +2.9?ppm/°C and +5.8?ppm/°C were achieved in 0.92Li2ZnGeO4-0.08CaTiO3 and 0.90Li2MgGeO4-0.10CaTiO3, respectively. 相似文献